EcoPallets

Product types

Know your pallet: stringer, block, custom & upcycled.

In short: Stringer pallets are the economical North American standard; block pallets add true four-way access for automation and export; custom units are built to spec from reclaimed lumber; accessories extend a pallet's life even further.

Each type below includes construction, entry style and where it earns its keep.

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Stringer Pallets

Two-way, or four-way with notched stringers

The North American standard — deck boards fastened across parallel stringers.

Stringer pallets use two-to-three parallel boards (stringers) running the length of the pallet, with deck boards nailed across the top and bottom. Forklift or jack entry comes from two directions, or all four when the stringers are notched. Economical, easy to repair, and the backbone of the 48×40 GMA pallet.

Best for

General freightGrocery & CPGCost-sensitive shipping

Typical sizes

48×40, 42×42, 36×36, 48×48

Block Pallets

True four-way

True four-way entry on nine load-bearing blocks — the global standard.

Block pallets use a grid of solid blocks (usually nine) supporting the top deck, allowing genuine four-way access for forklifts and pallet jacks from every side. Stronger and more automation-friendly than stringer designs, they dominate international and pooled-pallet systems, including the EUR/EPAL footprint.

Best for

Automated warehousesExport & poolingHeavy or unstable loads

Typical sizes

48×40, 47×39 (EUR), 45×48

Block vs Stringer — Which to Choose

Comparison guide

A head-to-head on strength, cost, automation and repairability.

Choosing between block and stringer pallets comes down to four levers: automation, load, geography and budget. Block pallets win on four-way access and conveyor compatibility; stringer pallets win on upfront cost and field repairability. Automated lines and export freight lean block; domestic, cost-driven and general freight lean stringer. This comparison page breaks down each lever with the trade-offs.

Best for

Buyers deciding a pallet specOperations & procurement teams

Typical sizes

Applies across footprints

Custom & Remanufactured

Configurable

Made-to-order pallets built from graded reclaimed lumber.

When stock sizes don't fit, remanufactured pallets combine sound reclaimed boards into a made-to-order unit at your exact footprint and load rating. Lower cost and carbon than virgin new-builds, with the option to build to ISPM-15 export standards.

Best for

Non-standard footprintsHeavy machineryExport freight

Typical sizes

Any — built to spec

Accessories & Upcycled Goods

Varies by product

Pallet collars, top caps, skids and reclaimed-timber products.

Beyond the pallet itself: collapsible pallet collars turn a flat pallet into a stackable crate, top caps and sheets protect loads, and our reclaimed-timber line turns retired boards into furniture-grade stock, planters and display fixtures. The last stop before the grinder — and often the most creative.

Best for

Reconfigurable packagingRetail displayUpcycling projects

Typical sizes

Collar sizes match common pallet footprints

Not sure which type fits your load?

Tell us the weight, footprint and destination. We'll spec the right pallet — or build one.

See the size chart →Compare grades

Construction, up close

The difference is in the deck, the entry and the fasteners.

Stringer pallets carry the load on solid boards notched for two-way (and sometimes four-way) forklift entry. Block pallets stand on nine blocks for true four-way access — the format automated lines and export routes prefer.

Which type wins comes down to how the pallet is handled: manual pallet jacks, robotic AS/RS, over-the-road freight or a single export trip. Match the build to the handling and you cut both damage and cost.

Close-up of stringer and block pallet constructionBuild detail

Sizes & grades

Common questions on choosing a type.

The two things buyers weigh most when picking a pallet type: the footprint it needs and the grade it should be built to.

What is the difference between a #1 and a #2 grade pallet?

A #1 grade 48×40 pallet is structurally sound with no more than one or two replaced or repaired boards and a clean, uniform appearance suitable for automated handling and retail programs. A #2 grade has been repaired more heavily, may show cosmetic wear, and is fine for general warehouse and one-way shipping use. We inspect and sort every incoming pallet so the grade you order is the grade you receive.

What pallet sizes do you stock?

Our most common stock is the 48×40 GMA footprint, but we regularly carry 48×48, 42×42, 36×36, 48×45, and 40×48 pallets, plus a rotating supply of odd and custom sizes. Availability changes with what comes through our recycling stream, so we recommend emailing your target size and quantity. If we do not have it recycled, we can often build it new to spec.

Can you supply block pallets as well as stringer pallets?

Yes. We stock both traditional stringer pallets, which use three parallel runners, and block pallets, which use nine support blocks for true four-way forklift and pallet-jack entry. Block pallets are common in export, automotive, and beverage programs, while stringer pallets dominate general Midwest warehousing. We can advise which style fits your handling equipment and load profile.

Do your pallets meet ISPM-15 requirements for export?

We supply ISPM-15 compliant pallets that are heat-treated and stamped with the IPPC mark and our registered facility code, which is required for wood packaging shipped internationally. Heat treatment raises the wood core to 56°C for at least 30 minutes to eliminate pests. Let us know your destination country and we will confirm the correct treatment and marking before shipping.

What is ISPM-15 and why does it matter?

ISPM-15 is the International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15, a global rule governing solid-wood packaging used in international trade. It requires wood to be heat-treated or fumigated and marked with the IPPC wheat stamp so it does not carry invasive pests across borders. Non-compliant pallets can be refused, quarantined, or destroyed at the border at the shipper's expense.

What sizes are considered standard versus custom?

The 48×40 GMA pallet is the North American standard and the most widely available, followed by 48×48 for drums, 42×42 for beverages and telecom, and 36×36 for retail. Anything outside those common footprints, or with a special deck or load rating, is treated as custom. Custom sizes usually carry a longer lead time and a slightly higher price.

Are your recycled pallets safe for food and pharmaceutical use?

We can supply cleaned, well-graded pallets suitable for many food-adjacent warehousing uses, and we recommend heat-treated units over chemically treated ones for these applications. For direct food-contact or pharmaceutical programs with strict requirements, a new or dedicated pallet is usually the safest choice. Tell us your standard and we will match the right product.

What is a stringer versus a block pallet in practical terms?

A stringer pallet uses long boards, called stringers, running the length of the pallet to support the deck, and forklifts usually enter from two sides with partial access on the others. A block pallet uses solid blocks at nine points, giving genuine four-way entry that is easier for pallet jacks and automated systems. Your choice depends on your handling equipment and whether the pallet needs to be accessed from all four sides.

Do you offer heat-treated pallets for domestic use, not just export?

Yes. Some domestic customers prefer heat-treated pallets because heat treatment kills insects and mold without chemicals, which suits food-adjacent and moisture-sensitive storage. Heat-treated units carry the IPPC stamp and cost a bit more than untreated recycled pallets. If you want the treatment for domestic use only, just note that so we mark and document it correctly.

Construction glossary

How a pallet is put together.

Stringers, blocks, deck boards, chamfers and lead boards — the anatomy behind every type on this page.

Stringer Pallet

A pallet built on continuous longitudinal boards called stringers.

Stringers are the load-bearing beams (usually 2×4 lumber) that run the length of the pallet between the top and bottom deck boards. The standard GMA pallet uses three stringers spaced to allow forklift and pallet-jack entry. Stringer pallets are typically two-way entry unless notched for four-way access.

Block Pallet

A pallet supported by solid blocks instead of continuous stringers.

Block pallets use nine blocks (corners, mid-sides, and center) joined by top and bottom deck boards plus perimeter and internal stringer boards. This construction gives true four-way entry from all sides for forklifts and pallet jacks. EPAL and CHEP pooled pallets are the most common block designs in circulation.

Deck Board

The horizontal boards forming the top and bottom surfaces of a pallet.

Deck boards carry the unit load and distribute weight to the stringers or blocks. A standard GMA pallet has seven top deck boards and five bottom deck boards, typically 5/16 to 3/4 inch thick. Board spacing (deck coverage) affects how much small or bagged product can be supported without falling through.

Lead Board

The outermost deck board at each end of a pallet.

Lead boards (also called end boards or butt-end boards) take the most abuse from forklift tines and pallet-jack wheels during entry. Because they fail first, GMA #1 grade requires undamaged lead boards while lower grades tolerate cracks or splits here. Repairers often replace lead boards before any other component.

Chamfer

A beveled or angled cut on the bottom deck board edge.

A chamfer is a shallow bevel milled along the leading edge of bottom deck boards to help pallet-jack wheels roll up onto the pallet without catching. It reduces board splintering and eases entry on automated or high-throughput lines. Chamfered bottom boards are common on premium and pooled pallets.

Notch

A cutout in a stringer that creates fork access on all four sides.

Notches (also called fork openings) are semicircular or rectangular cuts on the two outer stringers of a stringer pallet. They allow a forklift to enter from the notched sides, converting a two-way pallet into a partial four-way (fork-only) design. The intact wood above and below the notch keeps the stringer strong enough to carry the load.

Skid

A pallet with only a top deck and no bottom boards.

A skid has runners or stringers under a single top deck but no bottom deck, making it lighter and easier to drag or stack tightly. Skids predate modern pallets and are still used for heavy machinery, drums, and permanent equipment bases. Without bottom boards they offer less floor stability and are not ideal for pallet-jack use.

Cross-Brace

A diagonal or perpendicular member added to stiffen a pallet.

A cross-brace is an extra board fastened across stringers or blocks to reduce racking flex and improve load stability. It is used on custom and heavy-duty pallets carrying concentrated or unbalanced weight. Bracing raises the racking load rating without a full redesign of the deck.

Runner

A lengthwise support board on the underside of a skid or pallet.

Runners are the bottom rails on a skid or block pallet that contact the floor and spread the load. On block pallets, bottom runners tie the nine blocks together and provide a smooth surface for pallet-jack wheels. Continuous runners also protect the floor and ease dragging of heavy skids.